New York City Process Server Practice Test

What does the term "complaint" refer to in legal terms?

1. A document filed with the court to begin a civil lawsuit

2. A written response to a legal accusation

3. A request for a hearing in a legal matter

4. A legal agreement between parties involved in a dispute

The correct answer is: A document filed with the court to begin a civil lawsuit

In legal terms, the term "complaint" specifically refers to a document that initiates a civil lawsuit by presenting the plaintiff's case to the court. It outlines the facts of the case, the legal basis for the lawsuit, and the specific relief or damages being sought. The complaint serves as a formal notification to the defendant that they are being sued, and it establishes the foundation for the legal proceedings to follow. The other choices describe different legal concepts. A written response to a legal accusation is referred to as an "answer," which addresses the points made in the complaint. A request for a hearing in a legal matter is generally known as a "motion," and it is separate from the initial filing of a complaint. A legal agreement between parties is typically called a "settlement" or "contract," which is also distinct from the complaint that starts litigation. Understanding the role of the complaint is crucial for anyone involved in the legal process, as it sets the stage for the court's involvement in resolving the dispute.